NOBELIANA - hundred years in a system.
NOBELIANA - hundred years in a system.
Tomorrow - in day of death Alfreda Nobelja the solemn will take place
Delivery of the Nobel medals and diplomas.
"... This poor half-dead being, and the philanthropic doctor in
Essence should strangle it while it with
Shout started out a life ". It is assured, it is far not each reader
Will believe, when learns, who and about whom it has told. And it Alfred
Nobel and not about somebody the friend, and about itself.
THAT Swedish industrialist, the scientist and the inventor,
Which has founded the awards which have become highest, most honourable
The award what was known ever by mankind. And resulted above
Words - at all posing blase money, glory, success
The minion of fortune, and adequate reflexion of its inwardness.
With that, however, the reservation, as its pains, and pleasure - special
The properties, not everyone mortal to understanding the accessible.
Getting acquainted with a life and activity Alfreda Nobelja, you begin
To feel, that such world grief about which it has been told so much
Great masters of a word and thought in the nineteenth century.
The person who has created a huge status on those times and at
Lives received the world popularity, was born in that year,
1833, when his father, Emmanuel Nobel, before the succeeding
The engineer-businessman has gone bankrupt. The childhood and its youth have passed
In Russia where the father has poisoned in searches, and not unsuccessful, new
Happiness. Emmanuel Nobel, making at the factories created by it
The military equipment, switching on "infernal cars" - underwater mines,
Prospered together with the family while there was a Crimean campaign and
It was again ruined, when it has ended.
It was necessary together with the younger son after many years in Russia, where
There were big brothers Alfreda, to come back to Stockholm and
To begin with a blank leaf the third time. And again heavy test for
Alfreda - death of younger brother Emilja during tests in
Fatherly laboratory of explosives.
But not one everyday peripetias aggravated gloom and
Isolation since a youth predisposed to melancholy Alfreda.
Comprehension of imperfection of the world and mankind occupying it,
Pouring out at other in rhetoric if not in demagogy, plunged
It in the most natural, perceived surrounding despair. I speak
- "Associates", because families in the standard sense,
Friends to its scale at it were not. "You refer to mine
Numerous friends, - he wrote in one of letters. - where they? On
Bottom of the lost illusions or involved with a ring of pennies? "Was at
It is a lot of it offices, but there was no that it would be possible to consider
The house. He has named there was one of the private residences "Nest", but to it
Have reminded, that nests assume a life together, and it
Has renamed the Nest into Country house Nobelja. Victor Hugo called him "most
Rich with the tramp of Europe ".
Nobel spoke in five languages but, having recovered after
Hemorrhages in a brain which happens on its country house in San Remo in
Italy, Swedish which did not understand obsluga has recollected only.
He has died, as well as predicted, "in an environment of the employed servants, when
Nearby - any native soul ".
Quintessence of contradictions of this gamletovskogo sense of nature
There was that to the most known it, an idealist-dreamer,
Dynamite, the killing tool of war, which became the invention
He has created on purpose to take in hand self-blowing up nitroglycerine.
Fatal, but quite in a genre of its paradoxical destiny accident
Has allowed it to see itself as though from the party. In April, 1888
His brother Ludwig has died. And the obituary which Alfred has read in
Newspapers, by mistake of edition has been devoted... To it. Here there and
It was spoken about him as about "the king of death", whose child allows
To sons human to kill each other with unprecedented earlier
Efficiency. And it has been told about the person who named
War by "an awful and greatest crime". And nevertheless
Immortality has brought to it not that gave it incomes, and it
Made in Swedish (he freely owned still Russian,
French, English, German) the will, that is, how it
Of these incomes has disposed.
The melancholiac and the sceptic in an everyday life, it piously believed in
The happy future of mankind. Also bequeathed belonging to it
To use the capital on annual rewarding of those who to it
To the future happiness has served better and more than others in those five spheres
Human activity which to him were more expensive and
More clearly others - physics, chemistry, medicine and physiology,
The literature and... Job for the world blessing.
If formulas of first three awards reflect its piety on
To the relation to the world of natural sciences and knowledge, that, addressing to
To the literature and mirotvorchestvu, it has reflected the humanistic
Aspirations, incessant and exhausting search of an ideal in the person,
Belief in a brotherhood of people.
The nature dualism has helped it to formulate not only the purpose, but also
The form of its realisation, which strict following and
Has allowed awards Nobelja to become what they are in eyes
Mankind without small hundred years. Speaking shortly, it bequeathed
The basic capital - more than 30 million crones, the huge sum
To then measures to translate in securities, which
Would form fund, whose annual income would share on five equal
Parts - awards. He has named and those establishments which should
To consider and compare advantages of applicants and to accept
Definitive decisions. Them according to a steel Royal
Academy of sciences (physics, chemistry, economy), Karolinsky
Mediko-surgical institute (physiology and medicine), Swedish
Academy (literature) and committee from five persons, appointed
Parliament of Norway which then was one state with
Sweden - the world award.
If itself Alfred Nobel was completely not characteristic Swede,
Cosmopolitan, the person of the world realisation of its will has got
In Stockholm in hands of typical Swedes, which whether in force
Responsibility peculiar to them, whether from care in the beginning
Have tried was to evade from the mission assigned to them, in what on
The first time have been supported also by king Oscar the Second, and
Having got down to business, have led and conduct it with all carefulness. So
However, as well as Norwegians.
Four years after death Nobelja on December, 10th, 1896 has left on
Disputes with successors who were delighted at all with will
The deceased; on working out of structure of fund, its financial
Mechanisms which have transformed the initial sum of the reliable
Source of respectable incomes; on creation Nobel
Institutes at each of the establishments named by the testator,
Delivery procedures, at last, which remains invariable in both
The countries, though they (in a year of death Nobelja - one state),
For a long time already have divorced.
Main role youngest of employees Nobelja here has played
Ragnar Sulman, the grandfather of the present chairman of fund Mikaelja
Sulmana which during a reorganisation time became Swedish
The co-chairman "a round table on the Swedish model". The first
Delivery has taken place in 1901. And since then every year in a course
Ground to trifles and the ceremony calculated on seconds
The king of Sweden hands over in Stockholm on December, 10th awards next
To group of elects.
Among winners of this year for the first time after a long break -
Russian physicist from St.-Petersburg Jores Alfyorov. "Value
The Nobel Prize as biggest scientific award in
The international scale obshchepriznanno ", - has declared other ours
The compatriot-winner, awarded the Nobel Prize in 1978
To year, academician Peter Leonidovich Kapitsa. And Bernard Show, which
Has received this award in 1925, and here remained it is correct to itself.
"The award, - he has told,-... A life buoy, thrown to the swimmer,
Which has already reached coast ". It was a hint that Nobel
Institutes it is free or have involuntarily receded from one of conditions
Wills according to which awards should be
Those who "within previous year has brought are topped
The greatest advantage to mankind ". In modern catastrophically
The become complicated world such problem has appeared impracticable
Practically.
Bernardu Show belongs also other intriguing statement:
"Nobel Prizes always handed over to someone to spite". If the great
"Paradoxes the friend" the rights to the greatest degree it concerns,
Certainly, to awards in the field of the literature. Partially in it it is guilty
The founder of the award which has written down, that a literary award
It should be awarded for creation of products, "sustained in
Idealistic spirit ", that induced first the Swedish academy
To turn the look mainly to creations of the mystical
Sense. However the main stumbling-block became ideological, spiritual
Creativity orientation.
The VICIOUS tradition was put in pawn still by Hitler who has forbidden Germans
To accept awards after there was award "threat"
Awards to writers-anti-fascists. Alas, bad examples are infectious,
To that the certificate that orgy which has been played in ours
To the country in 1958 when the Nobel Prize has been awarded
To Boris Pasternak "for its outstanding achievements as in the modern
Lyrical poetry, and in development of the great Russian epic
Traditions ", that Khruschev, more correctly, its advisers, have counted
Provocative support of the novel forbidden in Soviet Union
"Doctors Zhivago". In "Truth" there was a letter of the great poet with
Refusal of the award. I could witness and the participant
Finale of this drama. Being the ambassador in Sweden, I
Has brought up in the telegrammes to Moscow a question on returning
Posthumously to the writer of a rank of the Nobel prize winner. About the same
Wrote Evtushenko to magazine "New time". But though on a court yard already
There was a 1989 though two years ago the Nobel Prize was
It is awarded to other rebel - to Joseph Brodsky, that Moscow though and
Silently, but has swallowed, the first reaction was - idea to reject. To me
Quite seriously responded, that supposedly Pasternak itself and publicly
Has refused the award so it would be guilty its will to break.
I repent, having met in Stockholm with the Swedish colleague -
The ambassador in Moscow, I have shared with it this care, and it undertook
To set fire to a bickford fuse from other end. As a result the bilateral
The arrangement has been reached, and to Stockholm there has arrived son Boris
Leonidovicha - Evgenie Borisovich, to which within the precincts of Swedish
Academies during solemn ceremony have been handed over a medal
The winner and the diploma (but not money) which the father could not receive.
As to Joseph Brodsky, concerning which rewarding in
To Moscow too not at once have oriented, at the desire of the arrived
Specially to Stockholm film director Alexander Stefanovicha I
Has abused especially departmental mission of a diplomatic pouch and
Has sent to Moscow removed by it those December days 1987
Video film about the poet whom, he was afraid, at it could
To confiscate customs officers or frontier guards. The film was the first
The story about Brodsky in open Soviet mass-media. Twelve years
Later Stefanovich has in detail told about it in one of
Russian-speaking editions of the USA, not having overcome temptation to add
Dramatic nature. Even earlier, in 1984, behind council to me has come
The then ambassador of Czechoslovakia, heavy, in years the person,
The expert in the field of atomic engineering, but far as from
Political squabbles, and from poetic revelations. On it
To data, the Nobel Prize just about will award to the famous
To Czech poet Yaroslav Sejfertu who is in opposition to
To mode of the Gander. How to be, what to recommend to Prague?
- Recommend to them to take correct conclusions from our sad
Histories with Pasternak which fills in till now with a shame paint
Persons of very many top politicians and writers in the USSR.
Having asked, whether it is possible to refer to me, and having received the affirmative
The answer, it has sent the corresponding telegramme to Prague. Probably, I
Not one was such adviser, but the authorities CHSSR have made a good mine and
Have charged to the ambassador to take part in both official ceremonies -
Delivery in the Concert house and a solemn dinner in Stockholm
To town hall. Bunin (1933), Pasternak, Sejfert, Solzhenitsyn, even earlier,
In 1980, Pole Cheslav Milosh... It seems, it is possible to agree with
Bernardom Show, that the Swedish academy really operated
"To spite of" communistic modes. But after all it has arrived and "to spite"
Solzhenitsynu which doubts, that Michael Sholokhov is
The author of "Silent Don".
- The life has shown, that in all these cases the Swedish academy
It was right both with art, and from a moral point
Sight. But misadventures with the award under the literature it not
Are limited. Jean Pol Sartre has renounced the award, because
Its acceptance mismatched its belief. And here to the Lion
To Tolstoy Shvedskaja the academy itself has not dared to award the award,
Being afraid, that he from it owing to the principles will refuse.
The list of great writers, and not only Russian, bypassed
The award, alas, it is long enough. To name such names enough,
As Mark Twain, Ibsen, Strindberg, Joyce, Marseilles Proust,
Drajzer... But, perhaps, unique case, when with confidence
It is possible to tell, that absence of the Nobel Prize at the writer -
Loss not for it, and for the award, it certainly a case of the Lion
Tolstoy. And, perhaps, Swede Astrid Lindgren, rewardings
Of which for a long time but while it is vain, is waited by its admirers all over the world.
Objectivity for the sake of I will add, that the critics are and at decisions,
Accepted in Oslo. Mahatma Gandi, for example, has not been awarded
World awards though it have received Kissindzher and Begin. As to
Awards in the field of natural sciences, then Russia and Soviet
To the union has carried, apparently, more - Tamm, Shanks, Franc, Landau,
Basses, Prokhorov, Kapitsa in physics area; Pauls, Mechnikov in
Medicine and physiology areas... Each name - the phenomenon in a science. And
All the same the number of our winners is non-comparable to number of names
Americans. Why?
Ten years ago I have asked about it the then chairman
Boards of the Nobel fund which and was the winner
The Nobel Prize (1982), Sune Bergstryoma. It has just come in
Embassy "on pososhok" before flying away to Moscow on International
Forum on the survival of mankind, started by Gorbachev. So
Atmosphere pootkrovennichat was the most suitable. Bergstryom
Has noticed, that, first, America owing to favorable conditions,
Created at its universities, involves scientists from all world,
So for Americans descend both Japanese, and Canadians, and Europeans...
And in general, scientific achievements immediately become property
Open publications, and in Soviet Union like to play
Privacy, the Soviet scientists not always can take part in
Popular scientific forums... Here now, when at you reorganisation
And publicity...
The same arguments were listed to me later by the chief executive
Fund Stig Ramel.
Alas, the award in the physics area, awarded this year
To academician Jores Alfyorov, became the first for the scientist from Russians with
Time of those conversations. We will hope, what is it one more
Swallow who will make at last spring.
For now Sweden on the eve of the next Nobel week meets
Visitors also touches archives where the great marches in step with the ridiculous.
Recollect, how Rabindranat Tagore, got used to drink daily goat
Milk, demanded, that its goat have lodged in one number with it in
The well-known Grand Hotel where by tradition settle down all
Winners and their relatives. Alexander Mihajlovich Prokhorov told,
That with Bass before a trip to Stockholm (1964) it is more than it
In total tormented a question how to get absolutely obligatory dress coat. I
Visiting the Nobel ceremonies owing to the position of the ambassador
Throughout many years successively, I can testify a case,
When this indispensable rule has been broken. Its infringer was
In 1982 the Colombian writer Gabriel Garsija Marquez, which
Was to receive the award from hands of king Charles of XVI Gustav in
To spacious and long yellow shirt navypusk with huge on the long
Stalk a rose in a hand. In newspapers informed, that Fidel Castro,
Personal friend Marquez, has directed to Stockholm the plane with rum.
trehsotgrammovye "merzavchiki" should on a plan kommandanto
To subdue northern capital. The first whom I have met at an input in
The concert house where awards are handed over, was the Cuban ambassador.
- Two news, - he has told, having reminded me of the leader from the old
Joke. - the first - bad: the customs office has confiscated
All rum. The second - good: on our share something remains.
Also has invited to itself to a meeting with the winner, where "Moscow"
Successfully competed to the Cuban rum. It is possible not to doubt, that
And this December it will be fashionable in Stockholm.
Boris pankin.
Stockholm.
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//* an information Source: the Russian newspaper, 9.12.00
//* Reg. Nom. - 1101200146.64-------------------------------------------
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