The Yakut experiment: it is a little imagination in cold day.
The Yakut experiment: it is a little imagination in cold day.
New civilisation near North star.
That speak, and there is no prophet in the Fatherland. Exhausted
Economic crisis, all we rush about, all we search for examples for
Imitations. But thus persistently it is not noticed that for ten
Last years in our Russia the economic already has collected
Experience and people in regions are able to think is not worse at all, than in Moscow.
And even better R considering especially practical character of activity
In these. Sometimes for the sake of acquaintance to the future it is enough to sit down on
The trip plane to Yakutsk. Because in republic Sakha
(Yakutia) is undertaken very unusual attempt R to construct the new
Civilisation.
Here a climate other.
Since 1998 it becomes clear to the increasing number of people: purely
Liberal recipes "on IMF", such good in the tropical
The countries, in cold Russia do not pass. Do not wish to flow to us
Private investments. And for example, in Socialist Republic
Vietnam they go in the much bigger size, than to all Russian Federation, though
As regards market legislative base Vietnam concedes to us.
Why? Yes because Vietnam has a soft climate and there is no winter
In the length half a year with monstrous expenses for heating of dwellings and
The enterprises because there the worker can really work
For 40 dollars a month and thus to pay for an electricity yes
Gasoline under the world prices.
Full deadlock of "tropical liberalism" faster and most clearly
It was showed in Yakutia - in the coldest earth of the coldest country
The world. Here, where the permafrost armour leaves on half-versts in
Depth of the earth and where the annual course of temperatures reaches hundred degrees
(From forty-degree heat in the summer to a minus of sixty long
In the winter), mind of people becomes aggravated. In extreme, gipertrofirovanno
The strengthened Russian conditions there is a search of alternatives.
- The republic has not avoided all "delights" of last years: and
Destructions of structure of manufacture, and paralysis of many base
Economy branches, and agriculture crisis. As a matter of fact
We face to necessity anew to build the economic
The mechanism of Yakutia which has collapsed because of rupture of the established
For last decades communications, - the president tells
Republics Sakhas (Yakutia) Michael Nikolaev. - you are absolutely right:
The republic lives in the hardest climatic conditions, which
Demand enormous unproductive expenses for maintenance most
Lives. Even nothing making, we are compelled to burn down hundred thousand
Tons of expensive fuel - only on being warmed and
To overcome inconceivable distances.
If to speak in general the republic possesses thought over
Development strategy on the first quarter of the XXI-st century, builds
Self-sufficient, modern economy. It is necessary to provide
Annual growth in 10-12 percent of a total regional product.
Problems and troubles at us suffices R but we all the same are directed in
The future. We know well, that we want.
But what lines of this of "the Yakut model"?
If to investigate economic experience of Yakutia it is impossible not
To notice one law: here are not afraid to arrive on
To common sense command.
All remember, for example, as at one only a mention about
Planned character of economy still recently from the person jumped aside, as from
Infected with pestilence. In Yakutia similar prejudices did not suffer. Here
Why today RS () plans increase in release of the goods in
Yakutia, puts a problem to finish export to 2,1 billion dollars in
Year and to develop processing of wood to the competitive
Final products, by forty percent to increase budget incomes.
- At us in Southern Yakutia - really a well of minerals.
That is why in republic the Agency of development South Yakut is created
Region, and before it a task in view: to stimulate extraction
Excellent coal for export to the countries
Asian-Pacific region. At us it is opened more than thirty
Large oil fields, natural gas and gas
Condensate, the general resources of oil are estimated in 2,4 billion tons,
Gas - in 9,4 billion cubic metre. For their working out it is created
Company "п п я п п?п я я п пЁп п?", at federal level are studied
Problems of export of gaz on the perspective, growing market of China, -
Continues the story the president of republic. - we as according to plan
We develop an almazno-diamond complex, we increase volumes
Facets of diamonds, we wish to finish it to 30 percent from all volume
Extracted jewels. It is already prepared about thousand
Qualified ogranshchikov, working at the system enterprises
"Tujamaada Dajmond". After all all it strengthens our economy, conducts
To region self-maintenance, to inflow of means to it.
We take the extremely actual sphere - energosberezhenie. It is remembered,
Democratic critics in 1980th years on a wall smeared
Economy of the USSR that on consumption of heat and energy on
It in one and a half time surpasses unit of let out production
Similar indicators of the USA, and consequently our production
It is noncompetitive. But for reformennye 1990th years power consumption
Economy of Russia has surpassed Soviet approximately for 40 percent, and
Now we lag behind not only America, but also from ourselves in 1985
To year. Alas, our reformers have lost all 90th years, terribly
Having started a problem energosberezhenija.
And here today Russia has appeared on the verge of power
Crisis. It any more does not have gas, and soon there will be no also an oil.
It is necessary to recollect about energosberezhenii. To begin it is necessary
Almost from zero.
And here Yakutia with its Martian colds this business has attended
Still ten years ago. For example, three are already constructed "the Canadian
Villages "- with cottages of the Arctic type, with a thermal protection, with
The extremely economic systems of an independent heat supply.
- Now we and new apartment houses build with the such
Independent systems on roofs of buildings, - the minister tells
Buildings and architecture of republic Jury Buslaev. Thanking
To the credit and the help of known firm "Mabetex" the republic has got
Modern factory on release of perfect wooden cottages with
Such independent modules supplying the house by heat and
Hot water.
Building in general is closely connected with energosberezheniem. Solving
One problem, in republic solve also another - housing. After all nowadays
RS () it is capable to build individual houses with the lowest
The cost price of square metre of the area - all in 130 dollars.
But goes and perenjatie technologies in the big building. We will tell,
Known firm "Mabetex" under republic orders has constructed in
Region many objects. But if at first on "Mabetex" share
80 percent of jobs were necessary, and the Yakut builders did only
The rest now the proportion has changed precisely on the contrary. Now
The Yakut builders too are able to erect modern buildings,
Which do not demand "the Soviet expenses" for heating.
Unless all it - not a job example on an advancing, not an example for
Imitations in other regions?
Investments into the person.
Incomes of diamonds and coal, of extraction of raw materials and wood
The industries, economy of means on energosberezhenii and other -
All it should finance transition of Yakutia in absolutely new
The world.
- I understand, it sounds fantastically. Nevertheless, habitual
Ways to the future at Yakutia simply are not present. However, at all Russia
Too. In this century old manufacture becomes a synonym
Backwardness, the one who will create absolutely new world will win, -
Michael Nikolaev is convinced. - means, an exit both at Yakutia, and at Russia
There is one: to develop the extremely high technology manufacture, to do
The rate on non-material, high humanitarian technologies, on
"Manufacture of people of the first-rate quality", geniuses if want.
Tomorrow not coal, oil become the greatest riches or
Steel, and human potential, abilities of people. Comes
Time of the Person, Spirit time. The mankind enters during an era
Dominations of globalisation, information technologies. Old
The industrial civilisation leaves before our eyes. It is necessary
To be entered in a new epoch.
It is necessary to create absolutely new world, in which spirituality and
Healthy way of life are the major parts of economy, great
Productive forces. Here the ecology becomes also sacred business, and
Profitable business. Therefore our strategy R this creation
The person, Arctic, tsirkumpoljarnoj civilisations. The matter is that
In Yakutia enormous files wild, protogenic were saved
The nature. Yakuts-saha never were the industrial people and
In extreme northern conditions have created the greatest
Ecological culture, traditions of savings of the nature. That is, in
To new epoch we get huge advantage. Thus inhabitants
Yakutia - Slavs, saha, eveny and evenki - are dynamical enough,
To study, becoming magnificent scientists and experts,
Creators of information technologies and surprising inventions. We
Are deprived many prejudices and vestiges industrial
Civilisations that is why it will be easier to us to enter into the new world, than
Japan, for example.
JMy already today which in what we surpass inhabitants so-called
The developed world. For example, in the major for the new world of ability
- Abilities to study. It after all not that other, as high
Humanitarian technologies, technologies of creation of people of the high
Qualities.
Great Yakut epos Olonho, for example, consists from
Eight-ten thousand words. Our storytellers in a youth learnt it
By heart, having heard to its only two-three times. How it was possible to them?
How so became aggravated both memory, and perception?
At us these methods, but already on the basis of the modern
informtehnology, has managed to comprehend the talented scientist and the teacher
Nina Afanasevna Alekseeva. It thirty years ago has begun this
Job, and here to the beginning of 1990 has created absolutely unique
System of dynamic education. With its help kiddies of all for
Two-three years pass the program of eleven classes of average
Schools! Thus it appears, that absolutely worthless children are not present -
At its author's school working since 1993, each pupil
Finds the calling. Pupils Alekseevoj easily arrive in high schools
All Russia, win the All-Russia scientific Olympic Games among
Schoolboys. Yes that there - its children successfully compete on
The international competitions with contemporaries from the most elite schools
China, Japan, the West countries.
Cults of Yakutia.
- We step by step carry out the plans of building of the new
Civilisations. For example, for a long time it is counted up, that economically very much
It is favourable to build public health services so that it worked on
Preservation of health of people, on preventive maintenance. It is spoken about it
For a long time, and the republic has simply passed from words to business. In
Cooperation with Academy mednauk we create in Yakutsk the Center
The Arctic medicine. In the same way we vigorously propagandise
ZOZH - a healthy way of life, we struggle with smoking, an alcoholism and
Narcotism, we support sports. To us are necessary harmoniously developed
Citizens - Michael Efimovich tells.
It actually - the greatest force of economic development,
Because the postindustrial civilisation is based on knowledge,
To culture and spirituality. Superpragmatic Japanese have understood it
Very long time ago also spend for spiritual development of the workers
Corporations the big money. We revive cults. A cult of Mother,
Mothers of people of the future. The Work cult - to bring up
People-sozidatelej, instead of thieves, stupid consumers and idlers.
Here and the Family cult - bases of a healthy society. We have created in
1996 Academy of spirituality also it is not regretted in this occasion.
Spirituality conducts to a close interlacing and interaction of the Yakut
And Russian cultures.
Leaving Yakutsk, I have thought: "All of us should become a little
Yakuts ". Certainly, while the Yakut attempt does not possess
Scientific and technical base, it while mostly - only the report
About intentions which are capable or to crown a victory, or with
Crash to fail. Too dared and this northern is unusual
Experiment. It is difficult to carry out such impulse in the hardest conditions
The north, when in huge territory to 2/3 Western Europe
One million souls of the population is scattered all. But creative groups
The Russian founders of high technologies are capable to add
"Model Olonho" the workings out. Who knows - whether this will reduce
Their article together?
For now, sincerely having wished Yakutia a kind way, we will reflect: instead of
Whether to apply its experience in much more and crowded, and klimaticheski
Favorable regions? Really, costs...
"Mabetex" in the Arctic variant.
aп я п п firm "Mabetex" name in official capital circles
Still generates it is artificial the called vigilance, in the earths
About Yakut it speak well is more often. The known building
The company brings the huge contribution to business of upgrade of republic.
In Yakutsk to us have shown arhisovremennyj a clearing complex
City sewage. The automated enterprise, when it
Will put into operation, will be capable to clear 90 thousand cubic metre of drains
Every day, ozdoravlivaja ecology of the great river of Lena. Build it on
To norms which are much more rigid than the western. So, if in Europe water
Clear mechanically and biologically here establish and
The third module - additional cleanings. The formed deposit will undergo
To processing and as in him there is many nitrogen and phosphorus,
Special manufacture will begin to do of a fertilizer waste in
Granules. In general, the present ecologically pure is created,
The favourable enterprise of the third millenium. And builds its all the same
Firm "Mabetex".
Among the Moscow bureaucrats hearings that a smoke still wander
Without fire does not happen, and any "recoils" for successively on restoration
The Kremlin supposedly were. And how affairs in Yakutia are?
The minister of building and arhetektury republics Jury Buslaev
Swings a head:
- Suspicious the firm at us did not do anything. Jobs
Were spent in full conformity with contracts, podrjady
Were won on tenders-competitions. What else "recoils"?
"Mabetex" always reduces building cost on
Thirty-forty percent on comparison with all the others. And me
It is remembered, "recoils" are given just for overestimate of estimates...
We are grateful "Mabetex" that, when at republic
There were financial difficulties, it did not stop jobs, though
Other companies left from objects. The head "Mabetex" in 1992.
Pakolli has risked the money under a simple guarantee
"Newborn" then the governments of Yakutia, still to anybody in the world
Financial circles not the known. Then any foreign firm not
Worked in Russia without the firm financial guarantees given on
To the western type.
By the way, about the finance. Already in 1993 "Mabetex" has at own expense given
Year bank education in Switzerland to ten Yakut
To students. Nowadays they make skeleton of economic management
Republics. Therefore it is easy to understand the minister of building of Yakutia,
When he says, that it is very unpleasant to it to listen to any gossips
Concerning this company...
Besides sewage treatment station the modern here has risen
molokozavod, old party hotel of all for half a year
Has turned to hotel of European class "Tygyn-Darhan".
The future building - republics Komdragmet is erected really,
Shining, as if diamond. Behind mirror sides of facades disappears
Excellent thermal protection, economic system of the independent
Power supply on a failure case, the computer centre. And
The perfect maternity hospital constructed in small town Pokrovsk? And more:
Building of a boardroom of the government of republic,
Modern external furnish and interiors of National theatre.
The Yakut builders say that to much have learnt at
Foreign firm. The increasing amounts of works become the local
The organisations adopting the European quality of building.
The contribution of the company to the region industry also in weight. Already
The sausage shop, line work started "Mabetex" on
To manufacture of juice from the Siberian berries, a joiner's line, shop
A children's food, a line of packing of cement.
Really as pride of republic the centre of protection of motherhood serves
And the childhood "Iejiehsit". Equipped on the highest world
To the standards, filled with modern equipment, it - simultaneously
The medical and educational centre. Here even there is a system of clearing
Potable water.
"Mabetex" in Yakutia it was never limited only one
Building. Erecting something, the firm will organise also training
The personnel. So, during building of the centre of protection of motherhood
And the childhood the Yakut doctors have gone to trips on the best clinics
Europe. As a result the region public health services nowadays are under construction on the best
To world samples and taking into account local conditions. And now one of
Heads of centre Radomir Alexanders considers, that supervises
Hardly probable not the best clinic on light. Physicians from other regions
Quite often ask here at excursion, and from lacks see only
In what the local administration specifies. Today it
Time weakness in the field of the electronic disturbs only
Programming.
Special envy of colleagues the protection centre calls also that
Motherhood and the childhood have put in operation together with apartment houses
For the average medical personnel. Thus these apartments not
Have entered into project cost, and became a personal gift of the head of firm
Bexhet Pakolli to nurses and midwifes. Thus especially
It is underlined: if other companies demanded for construction 250
Millions dollars "Mabetex" has made all for 130 million. And
Thus the company has still presented to republic perfect Children's home
On hundred places. At own expense. Within the limits of the humanitarian help. With what
By money it you will measure?
Swisses have sensitively caught a political line of the president of Yakutia
Michael Nikolaeva, aimed at care of rising generation.
On the bank of Lena in Pokrovsk among several old devjatietazhek and
Rare timbered structures the up-to-date maternity has risen
The house on one hundred places. It fine maintains 55-degree frosts,
Here it is warm and cosy. To doctors and midwifes even to recollect not
It would be desirable about a building in which they had to work as early as two years
Back.
When we talked to Michael Nikolaevym, "Mabetex" subject
Too it has appeared mentioned. The president of Republic Sakha (Yakutia)
Has expressed confidence that all will place time on the
To places. Anyhow, but from cooperation with "Mabetex"
The republic to refuse not namerena.
Healthy children - our capital.
Ecology of the sacred earths.
Perhaps, similar anybody cannot be praised. Ecology
Still in a fashion, but only in Yakutia protected territories not
Were afraid to name the Sacred earths - Ytyk Kere Sirder.
Here the basis of a new policy, in which is pawned
The ecology becomes an organic part and cultures, and economy,
And a demography.
The minister of wildlife management of republic Vasily Alekseev with pride
Drives a pointer on a map of the Sacred earths. They were stretched on 764
Thousand square kilometres, they include reserves and
National parks, reserve territories and nature sanctuaries,
Zones of rest and resource rezervaty. Here resource rezervat
"Kyttalyk", created at the coast Ledovitogo of ocean in
1996. Perfect white cranes - sterhi Here live. Here
Same rezervat "CHaruoda", the perfect taiga earths with most
Soft climate in Yakutia. Here arisen five years ago
National park "Lensky columns", named so thanking
To rocks of the freakish form by which the great river flows.
Vasily Gavrilovich tells, how in a basis of creation of system
The sacred earths "World strategy of preservation" was pawned,
Accepted by the ecological organisations of a planet in 1980,
As republic actions have anticipated Pan-European strategy
Preservations of the biological and landscape variety, accepted in
1995, and as in 1996 at the world forum "For a live planet" in
London the president of republic Michael Nikolaev declared Ytyk Kere
Sirder there is some to mankind. Here it, a sustainable development in
Action.
Whether such wildlife management is ruinous? In Yakutia have managed to find
Really an optimum combination of interests. After all most is hot
Participation in creation and maintenance of protected territories accept
The international ecological organisations. Such, as World
Fund of the wild nature. They already finance republic undertakings. And
It only the beginning. Really close that time, when in
Maintenance of files untouched ekosistem the rich countries will be
To put milliard means. Here already begins
Ecological tourism, and people go here from all Earth. So it
- Real economic prospect for region. And simultaneously
The sacred earths become a source of revived spirituality
The people.
We long talk to the minister. Job goes, in general,
The usual. Any industrial project passes the careful
Examination. There is a restoration of a biological variety
Territories, riches of flora and fauna. And again here looks through
Economic interest. Here, for example, to Lena and Aldan, to Kolyma and
Indigirka is let out by larvae of sturgeons, lakes are occupied by crucians,
There is a cultivation and release to reservoirs of valuable fish - Siberian salmons. And the nature
Well - and to people. After all soon a Siberian salmon, say, it will be possible
To trade, put in villages minifactories on its processing, giving
To people job, and republic R new incomes. And about value
Biodiversity for tourism and to speak it is not necessary.
V.Alekseev tells about how in region goes
Acclimatisation of a musk oxen - contemporaries of the mammoths, which herd
Once too wandered on open spaces of the future Yakutia much. Here
And them to recover too.
- There is at us such project, - the minister laughs. - but at first to us
It is necessary to find though a part of a living tissue of the mammoth who has saved in
To permafrost. At present level of biology it is a trick.
It is a pity, yet it is not possible to find a suitable material.
But the biggest surprise has called us the name of one of
Departments of the ministry-department of protection of a genofund of the people
Republics Sakhas (Yakutia).
- No, it not establishment on maintenance of "cleanliness of blood", -
Swings a head Vasily Gavrilovich. And it is valid, it while
Unique attempt in Russia complex protection of the person. As well as
All the others, the region suffers from low birth rate, from
Alcoholic epidemic and narcotism, from worsening health and
Ecological pathologies. That is why Yakutia has decided to undertake for
Rescue of the genofund in a complex. There is begun the program
Genofund monitoring, development problems are developed
Narcological service, the ideology of a healthy image is formed
Lives which already is strenuously propagandised by regional mass-media.
Here jobs on preparation of standard base are concentrated,
Devoted to the rights of children, guardianship, family children's homes.
The REMARKABLE fact: the ministry together with National
The medicine centre creates bank of DNA, a genetic material
The people of Yakutia and people with hereditary illnesses. It is drawn
"A genetic map" region, centres of mutations are defined.
What for? First of all - for the decision of applied medical problems,
For revealing of zones of ecological trouble.
And again through all it appears the iron economic
Logic. The more fine and plodovitee people - the richer territory.
We left the ministry with rich impressions. For the first time to us
So have brightly shown the complete, integrated approach to
To business. "Nature health - spiritual and physical health of people -
Economy health ". About this communication speak for a long time, but evident
The example is stronger than thousand words. Perhaps, today Yakutia becomes
The leader of an ecological policy of the third millenium?
Power citadel.
Power troubles in Primorski Krai have shaken all country. However in
This winter similar disasters have comprehended both Sakhalin, and Kamchatka, and
Khabarovsk territory.
BUT they could be avoided, if the federal authority could
To become over regional egoism and would act in a role of the strong-willed
The organizer. Then fuel and energy base of Yakutia completely
Rescued the Far East from crisis.
About it there was a speech at recent meeting in coal capital
Yakutia nerjungri, the representative of the President spent which in
Far East federal district Konstantin Pulikovski.
Why has burst crisis? Why coal for the winter has not sufficed? Because of
Full absence of plan of Far East economy and worthless
Dispersions of forces. Primorski Krai, spending forces and means, tries
To develop the low-grade coal. The Magadan area
Buys it at the other end of the world - in Khakassia and Kemerovo
Areas, overpaying enormous money for transportation. In
Result money comes to an end, power stations and heating systems
Remain without fuel.
Meanwhile there is a perfect alternative - the south of Yakutia where is
High-calorific, fat coals, enormous cut at nerjungri -
City which never striked, helmets on a roadway not
Knocked also the railway did not block. To buy coal there
Much more favourably, than vbuhivat means, say, in small cuts
Primorski Krai which are settled for some years. And after all still
Recently heads of former "Rosugol" and arrived. As a result
Ten regions of the Far East today, consuming 28 million
Coal tons a year, are compelled to deliver ten millions tons of it
Fuel from the outside. Whereas in one Yakutia there are capacities on
Extraction of forty millions tons annually! It turns out really
Economic delirium.
Without special investments it is possible to increase a coal mining in nerjungri
On 600 thousand tons a year. But it is not enough of it: from the beginning 90 because of
Non-payments manufacture tsiklopicheskom a cut has fallen to it on
Whole three million. However in the south the huge is located
The highly profitable Elginsky deposit, which stocks -
Two billion tons of coal of the highest quality. "JAkutugol", having created
The joint venture from Ministry of Railways of Russia, plans, having pulled there
The 320-kilometre railway to begin working out of these deposits
In 2005, giving on 20 million tons of coal a year. But why
To all regions of the Far East not to unite and not to carry out
This project together and much faster?
Here planned development, with an investment of means is necessary in
The most effective and paid back project. It is an alpha and omega
Normal economy. It is time to finish squabbles between
Regions of the Far East and with ruinous regionalism, having begun
To carry out an optimum variant. At it should be aimed all
Coordination actions of the federal authorities.
The meeting in nerjungri has highlighted one more scandalous fact.
It appears, mass disconnects of an electricity in Primorski Krai in general
It was possible to avoid. When in January the Seaside state district power station sharply
Has dumped development, to the aid primortsam could come Southern
Yakutia.
Here powerful, youngish (1983) Nerjungrinsky
The state district power station working on local coal. It is capable to deliver the cheap
Electricity in other regions. Moreover, on NRGES nedostroen
The fourth power unit and to make it it is much easier, than to lift
New station somewhere "in an open country".
That is why for a long time it is time to Moscow to generate for the Far East
The made, rational policy. And, not being afraid of any charges,
To recollect great force of reasonable planning, having supported plans
The power. From development of fuel and energy "citadel" in
Southern Yakutia will win all.
<$>
//* an information Source: the Russian newspaper, 20.03.01
//* Reg. Nom. - 1110300262.29-------------------------------------------
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